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Computer Graphics(CG)

Lec-01 : Introduction

Description

• It is tough to display or show an image of any size on the computer screen but it easy using Computer graphics.

• Graphics on the computer are created by using various algorithms and techniques.

• In this tutorial, we will describe how a rich visual experience is given to the user by describing how all the computer processes.

Prerequisite

Better have some knowledge on fundamental concepts of the C programming language and basic mathematics.

Topics Covered

• Display Devices • DDA & Bresemhan’s Line Algorithm • 2D & 3D Transformations

• Clipping & Projection • Different Curves • Illuminations • Multimedia & Animation

• Data Compression techniques

For whom

• For students who don’t know how graphics are used in computers.

• It describes the basics of graphics and how they are implemented in computers to generate various visuals.

Reference books

1.“CAD/CAM and Practice” by Ibrahim Zeid

2. “Mathematical Elements of Computer Graphics” by Kogin Adams

3. “Computer Graphics” by John F Hughes

4. “Computer Graphics” by Desai and Apurva A

Q & A
Exam Questions

Q1 . What is Bresenham's line drawing algorithm? Explain in brief with an example.
Q2 . What is the DDA Algorithm? Explain in brief with an example.
Q3 . What do you mean by the shading of objects?
Q4 . What is animation? Describe types of animation in brief.
Q5 . How will you clip a point? Explain the point-clipping algorithm in brief.
Q6 . Explain various graphics functions.
Q7 . What are circle generation methods?
Q8 . What are the steps to plot a line using the simple DDA?
Q9 . What are the various geometric transformations? Explain with suitable examples.
Q10 . Explain 3D viewing devices.

The curves are created based on a set of mathematical tasks that define an object or a set of points specified by the user. After specifying the task, the program package can project the description equation of the curve onto the display plane and draw the pixel method along the path of the projection plane.

Interactive computer graphics is like a website. It is only good if visitors browse it and no two visitors are the same. It defines that the website must provide customer interactions with various skills, interests, and ultimate goals. Interactive computer graphics include user interaction.

The maximum number of points that display on the CRT without overlapping is called the resolution.

In the raster scan display, after refreshing each scan line, the electron beam returns to the left side of the screen, which is called the horizontal retrace of the electron beam.

In computer graphics, image scaling is the process of resizing the size of digital images. Scaling is an extraordinary process that involves a trade-off between efficiency, smoothness, and sharpness. For bitmap graphics, as the size of the image decreases or enlarges, the pixels that make up the image become more and more visible.

The hardware devices used for the computer graphics are Input Devices - Keyboard, Mouse, Data tablet, Scanner, Light pen, Touch screen, Joystick Output Devices - Raster Devices- CRT, LCD, LED, Plasma screens, Printers, Vector Devices- Plotters, Oscilloscopes

When a key on the keyboard is press, the keyboard controller stores the code carried on the key into a part of memory called the keyboard buffer. This code is called a scan code.

The time required for the light emitted from the screen to decay to one-tenth of its original intensity is called persistence.

The ratio of the vertical points to the horizontal points required to produce the line length in both directions of the screen is called the aspect ratio. Usually, the aspect ratio is ¾.

The advantages and disadvantages of infiltration technology are as follows. This is a cheap technology. It has only four colors. Compared with other technologies, the picture quality is not good. It can display color scans on the monitor. Poor restrictions, etc.

The pixels are shortened forms of pixels. Each screen point is called a pixel.

The transformation is a process of introducing changes in the shape, size, and direction of objects using methods such as scaling, rotating, reflecting, sharing, and translation.

The cropping is a method of cropping the graphic display to fit a predefined graphic area or viewport.

The process of converting the description of an object from world coordinates to viewing coordinates is called projection

The computer graphics animation is the use of computer graphics equipment, where the graphical output presentation will dynamically change in real-time. This refers to real-time animation.

• CORE – The Core graphics standard • GKS -- The Graphics Kernel system • PHIGS – The Programmers Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System. • GSX – The Graphics system extension • NAPLPS – The North American presentation level protocol syntax.

Creating realistic pictures in computer graphics is called realism. It is important in the fields of simulation, design, entertainment, advertising, research, education, command, and control.

To create a realistic picture, the scene or picture process by viewing coordinate conversion and projection that converts three-dimensional viewing coordinates into two-dimensional device coordinates.

The sprite is a graphic shape in animation and game programs. Each sub-picture provided in the system has its storage area, which is similar to but smaller than pixel RAM.

• Color look Up Table manipulation • Bit plane manipulation • Use of UDCS • Special drawing modes • Sprites

Translation is the process of changing the position of an object in a straight-line path from one coordinate position to another coordinate position. Each point (x, y) in the object must be shifted to (x |, y |). Converted to: = x + tx; y | = y + ty

A simple way to represent the shape of characters in a particular font is to use a rectangular grid pattern. The character set is called a bitmap font.

A flexible solution is to describe character shapes using straight-line and curve sections. In this case, the set of characters is called an outline font.

The scripting system allows user input strings to define object specifications and animation sequences. With this script, a library of different objects and actions was built.

The stage of determining the appropriate pixels for representing an image or graphical object is called rasterization.

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Course Feature

Category Computer Science
Language English
Price 79.00
Validity 1 Year
Q & A 25
Exam Questions 10

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Computer Science

Computer Graphics(CG)

Lec-01 : Introduction

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Computer Science

1.Introduction

2.Displays

3.DDA & Bresemhan's Line algorithm

4.2D & 3DTransformations

5.Clipping & Projection

6.Curves

7.Illumination

8.Multimedia & Animation

9.Data Compression

Computer Graphics(CG)

Lec-01 : Introduction

1.Introduction

2.Displays

3.DDA & Bresemhan's Line algorithm

4.2D & 3DTransformations

5.Clipping & Projection

6.Curves

7.Illumination

8.Multimedia & Animation

9.Data Compression

Q1 . How will you represent a curve in graphics?

Q2 . What is interactive computer Graphics?

Q3 . What Is Resolution?

Q4 . What is the horizontal retrace of the electron beam?

Q5 . What Is Scaling In Computer Graphics?

Q6 . What are the hardware devices used for computer graphics?

Q7 . What is meant by scan code?

Q8 . What is persistence?

Q9 . What is the Aspect ratio?

Q10 . List out the merits and demerits of Penetration Techniques?

Q11 . What is a frame buffer?

Q12 . What is Transformation?

Q13 . Define clipping?

Q14 . Define projection?

Q15 . Define computer graphics animation?

Q16 . Give some examples of computer graphics standards?

Q17 . What is computer graphics realism?

Q18 . How realistic pictures are created in computer graphics?

Q19 . What is Sprite?

Q20 . What are the different tricks used in computer graphics animation?

Q21 . What is translation?

Q22 . What is a bitmapped font?

Q23 . What is an outline font?

Q24 . What is a Scripting system?

Q25 . What is a Rasterizations?

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